Army Almanac – Winter 2025

23 December 1779
245 Years Ago

Major General Benedict Arnold’s court martial convenes with him acting as his own defense counsel at Middlebrook, New Jersey. 

1 January 1785
240 Years Ago

The undermanned U.S. Infantry Regiment at Fort Pitt, Pennsylvania, and a small artillery detachment at West Point, New York, are the only active units in the Army. 

31 December 1790
230 Years Ago

Henry Knox steps down as Secretary of War. He is succeeded by Timothy Pickering. 

10 January 1810
215 Years Ago

A court-martial in Fort Adams, New York, finds Captain Winfield Scott guilty of “un-officer conduct” while clearing him of charges of embezzlement 

8 January 1815
210 Years Ago

The Battle of New Orleans, fought after the Treaty of Ghent ending the War of 1812 but prior to the document’s arrival in the United States, ends in decisive American victory and establishes Major General Andrew Jackson as a national hero. 

4 March 1845
180 Years Ago

James K. Polk, who once served as a major in the Tennessee militia, becomes the eleventh President and commander-in-chief of the Army. 

19 March 1865
160 Years Ago

The last major battle of the Civil War outside of Virginia is fought at Bentonville, North Carolina, as Major General William T. Sherman’s 60,000 troops face off against General Joseph Johnston’s 22,000 strong Army of the South. Johnston surrenders to Sherman one month later. 

6 March 1875
150 Years Ago

Some 820 Cheyenne surrender in one day in Oklahoma, one of a number of surrenders marking the end of the Red River War. 

4 March 1885
140 Years Ago

Badly impoverished and facing the end of his life, former President Ulysses S. Grant is reappointed a general in the Army and placed on the retired list, enabling him to receive pay.  

7 January 1900
125 Years Ago

Elements of the 28th U.S. Volunteer Infantry battle Filipino insurgents in two separate engagements at Patol Bridge and Cavite on Luzon.

11 January 1905
120 Years Ago

Congress authorizes a medal for the Certificate of Merit and campaign medals for the Civil War, Indian Wars, Spanish-American War, and Philippine Insurrection.  

2 March 1910
115 Years Ago

Signal Corps Lieutenant Benjamin Foulois makes his first solo flight at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. When his two predecessors return to duty with their original branches, he is briefly the only pilot in the Army. 

9 January 1915
110 Years Ago

Major General Hugh Scott meets Pancho Villa on the Naco, Arizona, border with Mexico, demanding an end to the attacks by Pancho Villa’s revolutionaries. 

1 January 1920
105 Years Ago

Military administration in Britain, France, and Belgium comes to an end. The only remaining American forces in Western Europe is the Army of Occupation in Germany. 

20 January 1930
95 Years Ago

The War Department declares the Volstead Act, which enforces widely unpopular Prohibition, applies to U.S. forces deployed overseas. 

1 March 1935
90 Years Ago

A General Headquarters for the Air Forces is created within the War Department that reports directly to the Army Chief of Staff, not the Chief of the Army Air Corps. 

21 April 1940
85 Years Ago

Captain Robert M. Losey, an Army Air Corps military attaché in Oslo, Norway, becomes the first American officer to die in World War II when he is killed in a German air raid. 

26 December 1944
80 Years Ago

A task force of Lieutenant Colonel Creighton Abrams’s 37th Tank Battalion from the 4th Armored Division breaks through German lines surrounding Bastogne, Belgium, ending the siege. 

16 February 1945
80 Years Ago

3d Battalion, 34th Infantry, strikes from the sea as two battalions of the 503d Parachute Infantry Regiment drop by parachute in the successful battle to retake Corregidor Island, Manila Bay, Philippines. 

1 February 1955
70 Years Ago

Continental Army Command replaces Army Field Forces as the principal agency for units in the continental United States. 

25 January 1960
65 Years Ago

A Hawk surface-to-air missile downs an Honest John in the first successful kill of a ballistic missile during a test at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. 

19 March 1965
60 Years Ago

The 716th Military Police Battalion is the first non-advisory U.S. Army unit to deploy to South Vietnam. 

1 February 1970
55 Years Ago

The 1st Infantry Division begins withdrawing from South Vietnam. 

28 February 1980
45 Years Ago

The first M1 Abrams main battle tanks are delivered to the Army. 

31 January 1985
40 Years Ago

The Army adopts the Beretta 92FS 9mm pistol as the M9 to replace the .45-caliber M1911 pistol and .38-caliber Victory Model revolver. 

31 January 1990
35 Years Ago

Operation JUST CAUSE, the invasion of Panama, is officially declared over. 

22 December 1994
30 Years Ago

Operation VIGILANT WARRIOR, an effort that successfully deters Saddam Hussein from once again invading Kuwait, comes to an end. 

21 January 2000
25 Years Ago

President Bill Clinton upgrades awards of twenty-one soldiers of World War II to the Medal of Honor for their heroism, including Senator Daniel K. Inouye (D-HI). 

23 December 2004
20 Years Ago

Operation AL-FAJR, the Second Battle of Fallujah, the heaviest urban combat fought by U.S. troops since the Tet Offensive in 1968, comes to a close. 

13 January 2010
15 Years Ago

Soldiers of the XVIII Airborne Corps Headquarters and 82d Airborne Division are sent to Haiti for Operation UNIFIED RESPONSE, a humanitarian relief mission in response to the 2010 Haitian earthquake. 

8 March 2014
10 Years Ago

Walter D. Ehlers, last surviving recipient of the Medal of Honor to participate in the D-Day landings during World War II, passes away at ninety-two years old. 

13 March 2020
5 Years Ago

Deputy Secretary of Defense David Norquist issues a stop movement order for all official travel of military personnel, dependents, and civilian employees in the United States to slow the spread of the novel coronavirus.  

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