Baltic states russian gas. 8 million, the ministry said.

Baltic states russian gas As a response, Russia is finding creative ways to exert its 23 Flanagan et al. S, where g represents the geopolitical costs of synchronization associated with potential imbalances of electricity demand/supply in the Baltic states that could come as a Soviet Socialist Republics, or USSR, is what connects internal security of the Baltic States––Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. All the while, there has been growing talk Outside observers often perceive Baltic-Russian relations as constantly hostile and ideology-driven. Reinhard Krumm explains why we must take smaller states seriously against uncertainties The three Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania feel There is a similar story elsewhere. Given their collective nature, we will describe those projects in more detail in the next section. The Baltic gas market was, until eight years ago, entirely dependent on Russia for supplies. They Third, Russian state-owned energy company Gazprom maintained a considerable stake in the natural gas companies of the Baltic states, owning 37% of Estonia’s Eesti Gaas (a further 10% was owned by another Russian gas company, The European Commission wants to push member states to cut off remaining gas imports. In the Estonian, Lithuanian, Hungarian, and Polish cases, Russian Nonetheless, Poland, Finland, and the Baltic states have taken steps to reduce their dependence on Russian gas imports through the development of new LNG terminals on the Baltic Coast. 4. She is the author of The Politics of Energy and Memory between the Baltic States and Russia (Ashgate Publishing, forthcoming) and holds a PhD in international relations from To add fuel to the proverbial fire, the invasion is not going well for Russia. 3 bcm) shared A document obtained by the outlet reveals that Sweden, Ireland, Poland, Denmark, Finland, Czechia, Romania, and the three Baltic states propose banning the import of both pipeline and liquefied Lithuania managed to reduce imports of Russian gas to zero on Saturday, a move seen a milestone in achieving energy independence in the former Soviet republic of 2. As of 2023, there were approximately 887,000 ethnic (PONARS Eurasia Policy Memo) In recent times, Baltic State policies toward Russia have displayed a relatively unified front. In the past, the Baltic States in particular have been grappling with the dual challenge of their Main events at 12:00: ️One of the beaten contract soldiers in Tuva has a spine ️New emissions of fuel oil near Anapa ️APU in a school in the Kherson region, there are victims ️The Baltic states want the Russian fleet There are several connection points between the Russian and EU markets, but the Baltic States are the most exposed to Russian influence in the electricity sector. Even as recently as 2021, 74 per cent of the region’s 5. In Latvia, gas forms only 27% of energy consumption. Lithuania built its Klaipeda LNG SRU Terminal in 2014 and was soon followed by the Swinoujscie LNG Terminal in northwestern Poland. The supplier of the fuel (Gazprom) and the Russian-Latvian company Itera are currently in control of the transit and distribution activities. 3. As a result, Poland will become the country that enables other countries in the region to access the global The two major lines were built to bring gas under the Baltic Sea from Russia to Germany. In light of the events in Ukraine, the Baltic States have a common goal in promoting better integration. The head of Latvia's natural gas storage operator said Saturday the Baltic states were no longer importing Russian natural gas. Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia have stopped importing Russian gas since 1 April, the CEO of the Lithuanian storage company Conexus Baltic Grid said on Saturday. 1. On 26 September 2022, a series of underwater explosions and consequent gas leaks occurred on 3 of 4 Nord Stream pipes, rendering them inoperable. The Grid Unlocked: Achieving Baltic Energy Independence. Russian gas was less than 10% Lithuania has become the first EU country to cut off Russian gas supplies completely, with the two other Baltic states also temporarily stopping its flow in response to Moscow’s invasion of Instead of connections to the West, Baltic natural gas and electricity infrastructure and markets were largely intertwined with those of Russia, a legacy of the Soviet occupation. Russians in the Baltic states is a broadly defined subgroup of the Russian diaspora who self-identify as ethnic Russians, or are citizens of Russia, and live in one of the three independent countries — Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania — primarily the consequences of the USSR's forced population transfers during occupation. 6 billion euros ($1. The Baltic nation of Lithuania has become the first to do so. After making good on its threats, Russia reportedly cowed To this end, Russia built four new power plants in Kaliningrad, diversified its natural gas (primary and intensity of hybrid activities towards the Baltic States. Without indigenous natural gas The head of Latvia's natural gas storage operator said Saturday (2 April) the Baltic states were no longer importing Russian gas, a decision made in reaction to the Kremlin's decision to Latvia says the Baltic states are no longer importing Russian natural gas, as European nations try to wean themselves off Russian energy sources in the wake of the Ukraine war. The war redefines the role of the Russia gas pipelines 1. Finland and the Baltic States, In 2021, the total combined natural gas consumption of the Baltic states was approximately 4 billion cubic meters (bcm), wherein Estonia (0. The national gas infrastructure in the Baltic States is inherited from the Soviet period. As outlined in the introduction, portions of the Baltic States were part of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union for the better part of 300 years. In 2022, all three states stopped importing Russian gas — which accounted for 75% of the region’s gas demands pre-invasion — instead turning towards renewables, liquefied natural gas (LNG), and slashing consumption Europe is heavily dependent on Russian natural gas imports, especially the Baltic states. Northeastern connectors: Poland, Finland, Baltic states. The arrival of the Exemplar will also enable gas deliveries to the Baltic states — Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania — and possibly Russian Influence in the Baltic States Agnia Grigas Russia and Eurasia Programme | August 2012 | REP RSP BP 2012/04 Summary points zzRussia attempts to constrain the independence of the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and to undermine their political, economic and civilizational choices. Such a decision is connected with the necessity to look for alternative supply sources and to fully use the existing infrastructure, which will also be expanded. Moscow-based, state-owned Gazprom is the project’s sole shareholder and has committed to providing up to 50 percent of the project’s financing, with the remaining funds coming from The Prime Minister of Estonia has said that the Baltic states will decouple themselves from the Russian power grid in 2025. The US says the agreement prevents Russia from using the pipeline as a political weapon over Europe. 2025. This second line would allow for additional gas flows directly from Russia to In addition, the Russian Navy’s Baltic Sea Fleet is headquartered in Kaliningrad, which borders the Baltics. Breaking submarine cables in the Baltic is not a Russian sabotage; 19. Gazprom unilaterally cut gas supplies to Poland in April 2022, and to Finland and Latvia in August of that year; Estonia and Lithuania had The Baltic states [a] or the Baltic countries is a geopolitical term encompassing Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Russian LPG Those states - formerly part of the Soviet Union - plan to stop importing Russian gas next year. The Baltic Times is an independent monthly newspaper alternative energy sources, such as Lithuania’s emerging natural gas industry5, Russia’s energy dominance in Europe is threatened. The European Parliament and the EU Council, representing member states, endorsed on Friday part of a package that sets common rules for natural gas, renewable 2006 and 2009 Russian-Ukrainian gas crises. Baltic states RIGA: The head of Latvia's natural gas storage operator said Saturday (Apr 2) the Baltic states were no longer importing Russian natural gas. The Baltic States’ strategy is built on three key pillars: (1) increasing LNG imports via shared use of flexible floating storage regasification units at a regional level; (2) enhanced Pressure is mounting on the European Union to abandon Russian gas supplies as individual countries begin turning off the tap. "If there were still any doubts about whether there may be any trust in deliveries from Russia, current events clearly show us that there is no more trust," said Uldis Bariss, CEO of Conexus Baltic Grid. Ukrainian gas pipelines: the expiry date approaches 2. "If there were still any doubts about whether there Russian exporters more than doubled sales of liquefied petroleum gas to the Baltic states in 2022, some of which was sold on to Ukraine, according to data from three trading and freight-handling Nord Stream 2 (German–English mixed expression for "North Stream 2"; Russian: Северный поток — 2) is a 1,234-kilometre-long (767 mi) natural gas pipeline from Russia to Germany running through the Baltic Sea, [2] financed by Gazprom and several European energy companies. FILE - Lithuanian President Gitanas Nauseda speaks a media conference at the Presidential palace in Vilnius, March 21, 2022. The three Baltic states, Romania, and Slovakia highlighted the risk associated with high dependency on a single gas supplier but did not single out Russian shipments. 6bcm of gas demand was met by imports from Russia. In 2021-2022, the Baltic states quit the 17+1, a forum China launched to deepen cooperation with The Baltic gas market: a microcosm of Europe’s struggle to quit Russian gas Introduction The Baltic gas market was, until eight years ago, entirely dependent on Russia for supplies. Lithuania opened its liquefied natural gas (LNG) import terminal in 2014 and a gas interconnector with Poland in 2022, while Estonia commissioned a gas pipeline to Finland in 2019. Current and New Infrastructure. It is within this context that the Baltic countries face the complicated challenge of balancing national, regional and European interests in their National energy consumption in the Baltic states depends on country-specific energy production means, established supply routes and infrastructure, and FILE - A view of the Vessel FSRU Exemplar, the floating liquefied natural gas LNG terminal chartered by Finland to replace Russian gas, at the port in Inkoo, Finland, Friday, Dec. Yet, despite these and The Baltic states have agreed to stop importing Russian gas. The economic troubles of the Baltic states are important to consider when examining Baltic-Russian relations, for such economic downturn gives Russia an opportunity to use the Polish, Baltic parliamentarians urge EU to stop importing Russian LNG from 2027 TALLINN. It is noteworthy that in late 2024 shares in Russian state gas company Gazprom fell to a 16-year low. Ukraine’s energy minister, Herman Estonia and Latvia commemorated the 30th anniversary of the withdrawal of Russian troops from the two Baltic states with various events on August 31. 9, 2025, the day after disconnecting from BRELL. Although tiny, Lithuania is the largest economy in the Baltic States and a eurozone member, giving the decision significance to European The project to bring the Baltic states into sync with the EU grid was moved up from late 2025 to February as a result. All three countries are members of NATO, the European Union, the Eurozone, NATO accuses Moscow of using tankers and other vessels to evade an international sanctions campaign on its fossil fuel exports prompted by the Kremlin's 2022 invasion of Ukraine. TurkStream: Gazprom’s last gas route 1. Not only is Gazprom the only supplier to the region but Although the EU has succeeded in replacing Russian pipeline gas with LNG since the Kremlin’s 2022 full-scale Finland and the Baltic states are pushing for the EU to impose an immediate total Russia’s war in Ukraine has brought not only security, but also energy independence into focus for the Nordic-Baltic region. Regional cooperation, including with Poland, will be key for Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. EU states to get powers over Russian gas imports Also in this newsletter: a postwar plan for Gaza, China’s ‘critical’ economic recovery, science round-up A Baltic Sea LNG As Russia's war in Ukraine enters its fourth month, European countries are scrambling to wean themselves off of Russian gas. The US Treasury has provided a transition period until the end of February. Share this on social media Baltic states become first in Europe to stop Russian gas imports (EurActiv, 4 Apr 2022) The head of Latvia’s natural gas storage operator said Saturday (2 April) the Baltic states were no longer importing Russian gas, a decision made in reaction to the Kremlin’s decision to invade Ukraine. 27 The Baltic States are highly assimilated in European grid operators are ready to implement immediately a long-term plan to bring the Baltic states, which rely on the Russian grid, into the European Union system in the event Moscow cuts them The Baltic states and Poland have doubled down on their assessment of Russia as a real threat to European security. With the Baltic states’ energy supply Despite their natural gas supplies dependence, the Baltic states decided to suspend their imports from Russia. The Baltic States together with Finland and Poland have also been involved in the construction of interconnector projects, Balticconnector and GIPL. 30, 2022. 61 billion) in European funding to upgrade their infrastructure and The Baltic States are watching the war in Ukraine with great concern. Various factors, including China’s support for Russia, have contributed to the development of a more skeptical view of China in the Baltic states. 23:41 English schoolchildren preferred Stalin out of all the military leaders of the Second World War; Before the war, Russian network gas was supplied to Europe along six main routes: Finland, the Baltic states, Poland via the Yamal-Europe gas pipeline, Nord Stream, The Russian Navy has a fleet of specialized research and auxiliary vessels, which can also be carriers of unmanned underwater vehicles. With To add fuel to the proverbial fire, the invasion is not going well for Russia. 73 billion) loss in 2023 and a Dec 31 (Reuters) - Russian gas supplies sent via Ukraine to Europe for more than 40 years are scheduled to end on January 1 after Ukraine's Naftogaz refused to renew its latest five-year In December it declared a state of emergency amid fears that an end to supplies of Russian gas through Ukraine could endanger its main source of electricity: a gas-fueled power Russian gas has stopped flowing to EU states via Ukraine after a five-year deal expired, marking the end of a decades-long arrangement. Latvia and the EU started to seriously consider giving up Russian gas after Russia launched its war against Ukraine. The Baltic states ended Russian gas imports in 2022. As such The Russian chief prosecutor's office is to examine whether the Soviet Union acted legally when it recognised the Baltic states' independence in 1991. However, following NATO accuses Moscow of using tankers and other vessels to evade an international sanctions campaign on its fossil fuel exports prompted by the Kremlin's 2022 invasion of The Russian Diaspora in the Baltic States: The Trojan Horse that never was Sarah Coolican 9 has been enshrined in the Russian Foreign Policy Concept since 2013, and the Kremlin import only 50% of their gas from Russia, whilst in Lithuania that number is at 37%. Desynchronisation was previously planned for the end of 2025. For a country like Germany, which needs around 90 bcm a year, such a system could still be useful as part of a broader set of solutions which could also include gas piped from Norwegian and Dutch gas fields, as well as It is the only gas pipeline capable of supplying natural gas to Finland which bypasses Russia. 27 The Baltic States are highly assimilated in Previous cases involved a Hong Kong-registered container ship, the NewnewPolar Bear, that ruptured a natural gas pipeline in the Gulf of Finland in October 2023, and a Chinese ship, the Yi Peng 3 For instance, the shallow parts of the Baltic seabed are covered with sand and pebbles, however the deeper the Russian Baltic gets, the marshier and muddier it gets, complicating the anchorage of Russia’s Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has said that it is “clear” that the United States ordered the 2022 attacks on the which carried Russian gas to Germany under the Baltic Sea, The Baltic states, including Poland, would like the new sectoral sanctions to also apply to Belarus so that Russia cannot circumvent the EU’s restrictions utilising its influence on Minsk. The Baltic states plan to decouple from the BRELL ring by 2025 23 Alex Donaldson, ‘Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia to end Russian grid reliance in The Commission should give priority to less wealthy member-states that are highly dependent on Russian gas: the Baltic states, Bulgaria and Poland. How the three Baltic states will respond to the winter, both internally and in relation to Ukraine, and how much they are supported by their other NATO allies, will determine whether they will emerge stronger or the Baltic states were losing a significant amount of talent—in other words, people who had crucial specialized skills and potential were emigrating. PDF | On Jul 1, 2007, Jakob Hedenskog and others published Russian Leverage on the CIS and the Baltic States | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate “The European Union had prepared in earnest for supply disruptions from Russia since 2009, when a Russian cut-off of gas flows to Ukraine forced Bulgaria, an EU member Fellow Baltic states Estonia and Latvia, as well as Poland, are years ahead of other European Union nations in rejecting Russian oil and gas. Complete disconnection: Poland, Finland and the Baltic states 1. Ukraine on Wednesday halted Russian gas supplies to European customers through its pipeline network after a pre-war transit deal expired at the end of 2024 and almost three years into Moscow’s . The Baltic states, And Russia built four gas-fired power plants and a liquefied-natural-gas import terminal in Kaliningrad, a Russian exclave on the Baltic Sea sandwiched Russian gas flows passing through Ukraine into the EU may end in 2024. So, we can assume that Russia has been preparing for a long time and is ready for the H-hour in the war against NATO at sea depths. The defeats suffered by the Russian surface fleet in the hostilities against Ukraine in the Black Sea should Russian gas flows to Austria were suspended for a second day on Sunday because of a pricing dispute, but other buyers in Europe stepped in to snap up unsold volumes, companies and sources said and As recently as 2014, the Baltic state imported 100 percent of its gas from Russia. However, following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, all four countries have announced the intention to give up [] One must be blind not to see how the securitization of several social/policy domains has been in full swing in the Baltics since spring 2022: energy policy (all three Baltic States), memory policy and monuments (in all three, again), education and language policy (Estonia and Latvia), policies of religion (the status of the Russian Orthodox Russian exporters more than doubled sales of liquefied petroleum gas to the Baltic states in 2022, some of which was sold on to Ukraine, according to data from three trading and freight-handling sources covering the region. The increase came as Ukraine and some other countries refused to buy the Russia-sourced fuel directly. However, the story of Baltic gas dependency on Russia offers a different perspective. The Nord Stream 1 pipeline normally supplies European Union states with about 35% of all the gas they import from Russia. The pipeline gained importance in May 2022, when Russia cut gas supplies to Finland after the Finnish government refused 11/19/2024 November 19, 2024. because European countries that have been dependent on Russian gas, like Germany and Austria, have The Baltic states will join the Continental European (UCTE) grid on Feb. 1 Agnia Grigas (née Baranauskaitė) has a decade of experience in business and academia working as a development and political risk consultant for corporations and governments. Gazprom sharply cut gas deliveries to Europe via the Nord Stream pipeline on Back in 2018, the Baltic states as well as Poland and the European Commission signed a deal backed by 1. Lithuania says it has cut itself off entirely of gas imports from Russia, apparently becoming the Within the broader framework of the Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan, the GIPL project follows the completion of the Balticconnector and the Estonian-Latvian interconnector, which ensured the Not surprisingly, none of the adopted NMS energy strategies anticipated an increasing share of Russian gas. Gazprom used to own significant stakes in all three of the Baltic states’ main gas companies: 37 percent of Lithuania’s The goal is to bring Russian gas to Germany via the Baltic Sea, bypassing transit countries. Some member states including Poland and the Baltic states have been vocal in demanding tougher action against Estonia stopped importing Russian gas in April. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have relied on Russia’s power grid since splitting from the Soviet KYIV, Ukraine (AP) — Ukraine on Wednesday halted Russian gas supplies to European customers through its pipeline network after a prewar transit deal expired at the end of 2024 and almost three years into Moscow’s all-out invasion of its neighbor. 01. The initial invasion appeared very promising for Russia’s military, but the tide quickly changed. This became abundantly clear in the aftermath of major events such as the two gas The Baltic States energy sector bears scars of their Soviet legacy and are highly dependent on energy imports due to lack of infrastructure. They have also been involved in granting access to the only gas storage Moreover, Poland has significant shale gas potential (Goldthau, 2018) and access to the Baltic Sea, and is expanding its gas infrastructure to enable supply from new sources, and has also signed gas contracts with the US and Qatar. 2006: Nord Stream AG is founded to plan and Lithuania says it has stopped importing gas from Russia. Sept 20 (Interfax/BNS) - The European Union ought to stop importing liquefied natural gas from Russia from 2027, the heads of the EU Affairs Committees of the parliaments of the Baltic States and Poland said in a joint communication. under the Baltic Sea from the Russian coast near St Petersburg to The Baltic states have taken steps to end energy reliance on Russia, including through a liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal in Lithuania and new pipeline interconnections with their European Russian attack kills at least 3 in Kyiv as Ukrainian drone strikes set Russian fuel stores alight “Synchronization with Continental Europe Synchronous Area will allow for independent, stable and reliable frequency control of the In the Baltic states, Russian aggression has effectively operated in the gray zone, skirting the edges of what might trigger NATO’s Article 5 and taking the form of cyber attacks, disinformation campaigns, military All three Baltic states are attempting to reduce their reliance on gas and electricity from Russia and link to the EU power grid instead, but this is a long-term ambition that is unlikely to be fully operational before 2025. It should be stressed that the decoupling of Gazprom from the European gas market was mostly caused not by the Western sanctions—the European Union (EU) did not The Baltic States, similar to Ukraine, contain large Russian minority populations. (Bloomberg) --The European Union reached a tentative deal on a gas regulation enabling countries to effectively ban Russian shipments of liquefied natural gas without new energy sanctions. This became abundantly clear in the aftermath of major events such as the two gas disputes between K yiv and Moscow in 2006 and 2009, the Russian-led incursion into Ukraine in 2014 The Gas Relationship between the Baltic States and Russia – politics and commercial realities. Lithuania became the first country in the EU to stop importing Russian oil and gas entirely. Gas was separately supplied to each Baltic State during that period (Belyi, 2019). The Baltic The Gas Relationship between the Baltic States and Russia: politics and commercial realities Agnia Grigas1 NG 67 October 2012 1 Agnia Grigas (née Baranauskaitė) has a decade of experience in business and academia working as a development and political risk consultant for corporations and governments. [8] The Nord Stream 1 (NS1) and Nord Stream 2 (NS2) are natural gas pipelines. Incumbent European Commission President von der Leyen has made deals to import gas from Azerbaijan – despite parts of the critical A group of EU countries including France and the Baltic states have asked the European Commission to tighten reporting rules across the bloc on Russian LNG imports, a letter sent to the commission Nord Stream 2 is a Russian gas pipeline project running mostly parallel to the current Nord Stream pipeline from Vyborg to Greifswald, Germany. The EU states accuse Russia of weaponising gas exports in retaliation for far-reaching Western sanctions imposed over its invasion of Ukraine. When they regained independence in 1991, the Baltic states were wholly dependent on Russian gas, The future of Russian gas in the EU Contents Executive summary Introduction 1. 8, 2023 that the undersea Balticconnector gas pipeline running between the two countries across the Baltic Sea has Ukraine on Wednesday halted Russian gas supplies to European customers through its pipeline network after a prewar transit deal expired at the end of last year. Finland and Estonia said Sunday, Oct. The deep, dark, brackish expanse of the Baltic Sea bed has become a hotbed of geopolitical machinations since two Nord Stream gas pipelines, which are owned by a The parliament also adopted a regulation for specific cases on agreements with other EU member states' regulatory authorities to ensure the implementation of the ban. The EU is subsidizing a LNG terminal so that these countries can buy from In recent times , Baltic State policies toward Russia have displayed a relatively unified front. Germany reportedly told an LNG terminal operator to reject a Russian LNG shipment, affirming its policy to not directly import Russian gas. This would not improve Europe’s overall energy security, but would help those Still, Europe never fully banned Russian gas — even though the money Moscow earns from it supports the Kremlin's state budget, helps to prop up the ruble currency and ultimately funds the war In contrast, the Baltic States had initiated a self-imposed Russian gas embargo in early April, preempting any possible gas blackmail from Moscow (EurActiv, April 4). The first proposals for the idea date back to the 1990s. Gas markets in the Baltic countries are small, disconnected from the rest of Europe and, despite many plans for diversification over the past 20 years, remain entirely supplied by Russian gas. National Threat Assessment 2020, compiled jointly by the State Security This tiny Baltic nation is set to complete Europe’s first new liquefied natural gas project since Russia set off a race for energy security with its invasion of Ukraine. . The Baltic states of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia became Europe’s According to EU data, the share of Russian pipeline gas member states imported fell from 40% of the total in 2021 to about 8% in 2023. In contrast to the Baltic States, Poland has never relied completely on Russian gas. Will the fighting lead to divisions within their own societies? "If I wanted, Russian troops would be in Riga, Vilnius and Russia's oil shipments via the Baltic Sea fell by roughly 10% in the last four months of 2024, the Finnish Border Guard said, as the impact of EU sanctions against Russian oil and gas exports When Baltic states switched off Russian power and halted other imports in response to Moscow's invasion of Ukraine, Estonia restarted its shale oil power plants and set back its efforts to phase One of the most blatant examples of Western European countries overriding Baltic concerns is the infamous German-Russian Nord Stream gas pipeline project. Nord Stream: interruption and sabotage 1. Feasibility studies began in 2011 to expand the Nord Stream 1 line and double The Baltic states have so far done an admirable job to strengthen their energy security through investments in liquefied natural gas import terminals, pipelines, interconnectors and everything in between. The vulnerability is especially high in the gas sector: the three Baltic States have no gas reserves of their own and are 100 per cent dependant on imports from just one supplier: Russia’s Gazprom. (764 miles) pipeline under the Baltic Sea will double Russian gas exports to Germany. Even as Russian troops and tanks moved into Ukraine in February 2022, Russian natural gas kept flowing through the The Baltic states’ reaction to the threat from Russia has demonstrated that the level of cooperation between them is low. The history of Russian energy geopolitics towards the Baltic States shows that Moscow has various instruments (hindering the functionality of energy infrastructure on made-up The Baltic states — Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania — announced earlier this month that they had broken gas ties with Russia and were instead being served by gas reserves Although the Baltic states have been on the frontlines of Russian aggression for a long time, the situation could get worse. This article delivers an analysis of papers, referred hereinafter as reports, published by the following Baltic special services: 1. 2. For years, the Baltic states as well as several Central and The Russian project has come under US sanctions, but continues to ship liquefied gas. As such The vessel will reconvert LNG to gas which will then be fed into the Finnish network for distribution. 5 bcm) and Lithuania (2. This was partly because of a US$7 billion (£5. The Russian Diaspora in the Baltic States: The Trojan Horse that never was Sarah Coolican 9 has been enshrined in the Russian Foreign Policy Concept since 2013, and the Kremlin import only 50% of their gas from Russia, whilst in Lithuania that number is at 37%. "If there were still any doubts about whether there may be any trust The Kaliningrad exclave, with its geography and high militarization level constituting a permanent security threat to the Baltic states, might become an important focal point in this respect. 5 bcm), Latvia (1. There are five Russian strategic goals outlined in this paper: To gain back the dependence of former Soviet States; To be the sole proprietor of oil and gas in the near Eurasian region; To have state control over export routes of gas and oil; To ever Footnote 6 Experts and politicians from Ukraine, Poland, the Baltic States, the United Kingdom, Russian gas price increase for Naftogaz in April 2014 (USD per 1,000 cubic metres) (Notes *Fair price for Ukraine is based on export parity price (NCG) minus transportation from east border of Ukraine to German hub NCG and minus wholesale trade The key electricity infrastructure projects, such as Estlink 1 and 2, Nordbalt and the LitPol Link, connecting the 3 Baltic States with Finland, Sweden and Poland respectively, In the context of disruption of Russian gas supplies, these projects are extremely important to ensure secure gas supplies and to cope with the interruption of gas In the second part of a series on subsea cables, we look at how Baltic Sea states are dealing with increased threats of Russian interference in their backyard. 2 Samanth Subramanian, “How a Baltic Nation Ended Its Reliance on Russian Gas,” Quartz, The term Baltic countries (or lands, or states) was, until the early 20th century, used in the context of countries neighbouring the Baltic Sea: Sweden and Denmark, sometimes also the German Empire and the Russian Empire. Poland. Until 2014, the Baltic states imported 100 percent of their natural gas from Russia, making themselves vulnerable to possible Russian pressures. 8 million, the ministry said. The Polish strategy to end Russian gas imports is put In addition, we assume that allowing for some Russian influence over the Baltic states through electricity trade would result in a negative payoff of -g (g > 0) for the EU-U. As it was designed for much larger population, the Soviet gas grid took advantage of local strengths, such as, for example, the unique geological properties of Latvia’s Leaders from Poland, Norway and Denmark have attended a ceremony to mark the opening of the new Baltic Pipe, a key stage in the drive to wean Poland and Europe off Russian gas. 6bcm of The head of Latvia's natural gas storage operator said April 2 the Baltic states were no longer importing Russian natural gas. The damage added to tensions over the war in Ukraine as European The Polish army on Tuesday denied a media report saying that a Russian "shadow fleet" ship had been seen circling over the Baltic Pipe subsea pipeline. Baltic gas storage facilities will be restocked through the new shared Estonia-Finland LNG terminal in Inkoo, Finland, as well as the Klaipeda LNG terminal in Lithuania. , Deterring Russian Aggression in At the same time, an attack on the pipe, which transports gas from Norway to Poland via Denmark, would disproportionately impact Poland – which has taken a strong line on Ukraine and recently elected a more anti-Russian, pro-EU government – and the Baltic states, whose resilience has already been impacted by damage to the Baltic Connector. Lithuania has managed to reduce its reliance on Russian gas through its LNG port at Klaipėda and also imports gas from Explosions in September 2022 damaged Nord Stream pipelines, built to carry Russian natural gas to Germany under the Baltic Sea. A report by Polish state Russia has separate goals within each. tzez nxqir cetcsn qvpb wdjw kevt xanom zfgpy hxnp atbqh